| 04.SC.ED - Engineering Design |
| 04.SC.ED.ETS1-1 | Define a simple design problem reflecting a need or a want that includes specified criteria for success and constraints on materials, time, or cost. | Students who demonstrate understanding can: Define a simple design problem reflecting a need or a want that includes specified criteria for success and constraints on materials, time, or cost. |
| 04.SC.ED.ETS1-2 | Generate and compare multiple possible solutions to a problem based on how well each is likely to meet the criteria and constraints of the problem. | Students who demonstrate understanding can: Generate and compare multiple possible solutions to a problem based on how well each is likely to meet the criteria and constraints of the problem. |
| 04.SC.ED.ETS1-3 | Plan and carry out fair tests in which variables are controlled and failure points are considered to identify aspects of a model or prototype that can be improved. | Students who demonstrate understanding can: Plan and carry out fair tests in which variables are controlled and failure points are considered to identify aspects of a model or prototype that can be improved. |
| 04.SC.ENE - Energy |
| 04.SC.ENE.ESS3-1 | Obtain and combine information to describe that energy and fuels are derived from natural resources and their uses affect the environment. | Clarification Statement: Examples of renewable energy resources could include wind energy, water behind dams, tidal, geothermal, and sunlight; non-renewable energy resources are fossil fuels and fissile materials. Examples of environmental effects could include loss of habitat due to dams, loss of habitat due to surface mining, and air pollution from burning of fossil fuels.] |
| 04.SC.ENE.PS3-1 | Use evidence to construct an explanation relating the speed of an object to the energy of that object. | Students who demonstrate understanding can: Use evidence to construct an explanation relating the speed of an object to the energy of that object. |
| 04.SC.ENE.PS3-2 | Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents. | Students who demonstrate understanding can: Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents. |
| 04.SC.ENE.PS3-3 | Ask questions and predict outcomes about the changes in energy that occur when objects collide. | Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on the change in the energy due to the change in speed, not on the forces, as objects interact. Examples may be at different scales, such as bouncing balls, car crashes, and plate tectonics (e.g., collisions of land to land, ice to ice, and ice to land). |
| 04.SC.ENE.PS3-4 | Apply scientific ideas to design, test, and refine a device that converts energy from one form to another. | Clarification Statement: Examples of devices could include electric circuits that convert electrical energy into motion energy of a vehicle, light, or sound; and, a passive solar heater that converts light into heat. Examples of constraints could include the materials, cost, or time to design the device. |
| 04.SC.ES - Earth's Systems: Processes that Shape the Earth |
| 04.SC.ES.ESS1-1 | Identify evidence from patterns in rock formations and fossils in rock layers to support an explanation for changes in a landscape over time. | Clarification Statement: Examples of evidence from patterns could include rock layers with marine shell fossils above rock layers with plant fossils and no shells, indicating a change from land to water over time; a canyon with different rock layers in the walls and a river in the bottom, indicating that over time a river cut through the rock. |
| 04.SC.ES.ESS2-1 | Make observations and/or measurements to provide evidence of the effects of weathering or the rate of erosion by water, ice, wind, or vegetation. | Clarification Statement: Examples of variables to test could include angle of slope in the downhill movement of water, amount of vegetation, speed of wind, relative rate of deposition, cycles of freezing and thawing of water, cycles of heating and cooling, and volume of water flow. |